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If the teeth are severely damaged or missing, they can be replaced in a wide variety of ways. The chewing function will be restored and a good appearance will also be achieved.
Fixed tooth replacements provide better wearing comfort and due to their higher long-term prognosis, they are to be preferred over removable dentures.

Crowns:
If - as a result of decay or an accident in most cases - a heavily damaged tooth cannot be repaired with a filling, it is ‘crowned’. A crown covers the entire visible part of the tooth and thereby restores its shape and function. The strengths of the individual materials and methods lie on the different areas.
Partial crown
Metal ceramic crown
Full ceramic crown
Telescopic crown
Temporary crown

Bridges:
Gaps in the set of teeth can be closed very easily with bridges. The pontic replaces the missing teeth, while the anchoring crowns fix the entire structure on the surrounding teeth. The various types of bridges and materials allow a multitude of combinations and the option that best meets the requirements and the preconditions can be selected individually.
Conventional bridges
Inlay bridges
Adhesive bridges
Telescopic bridges

Removable dentures:
If the number, position and/or condition of the remaining teeth do not permit the use of bridges, removable dentures can be made instead. These can often be extended, if further damage is caused to one of the patient’s teeth. If the oral condition is no longer very sound, this option offers invaluable advantages.

Partial denture:
If the strongest teeth or far too many of the teeth are missing, the set of teeth can be completed with a partial denture. The remaining teeth have to take over the load in order to prevent the rapid disintegration of the jaw bone. There are several sorts of partial dentures regarding the type of anchoring.
Denture with clasps
Cast metal base denture
Denture with precision attachment
Telescopic denture
Telescopic bridge

Full denture:
A toothless jawbone is by no means a hopeless case. All the conditions of the oral cavity should be utilised to better serve the interests of dental function. Implants are a preferred way of achieving highly impressive results.
Full denture supported on the mucous membrane
Implant-supported full denture

Veneers
Veneers are extremely thin, transparent ceramic shells that are bonded onto the front side of the teeth to create a cosmetic improvement. They appear completely natural and real.
They are extremely gum-friendly, and also more enduring and better looking than crowns. While for crowns, a large portion of the tooth has to be sacrificed, only a very thin layer is removed from the tooth for veneers. Even tooth misalignments can in many cases be corrected very effectively.
The visible teeth thereby obtain an immaculate appearance.
Veneers can correct the following visual defects:
- stubborn stains can be removed completely
- the shape of a tooth can be modified
- so can major defects caused by decay
- broken teeth can also be repaired
- excessive gaps between teeth can also be corrected
Veneers restore the positive impression of healthy, white teeth since they look natural due to their transparency, and merge seamlessly into the surrounding tooth structure.
Nowadays, thanks to the rapid advances being made in the field of ceramic materials, veneers are indispensable in the field of aesthetic dentistry. They offer a brilliant aesthetic as well as a variety of other advantages.
Veneers are extremely stable and due to their solidity, they are practically impervious to discolouration or breakage.

Crowns:
If – as a result of decay or an accident in most cases – a heavily damaged tooth cannot be repaired with a filling, it is ‘crowned’.

A crown covers the entire visible part of the tooth and thereby restores its shape and functional utility. The strengths of the individual materials and methods depend on the different areas in each case.

Partial Crown:
Moderately damaged teeth can be repaired with partial crowns. With this method, the body of the tooth is preserved as much as possible, so that the parts of the tooth that are visible from outside are not ground down.
These unveneered metal crowns have long been discontinued in practice because of their poor aesthetics (the metal often shines through), and the limited indications for this treatment (the extended crown border requires good oral hygiene and teeth resistant to caries).
In such cases, the modern solutions like ceramic inlays, onlays, overlays and partial crowns are used.
The currently popular veneers are also regarded as a special type of partial crown.

Metal ceramic Crown:
The dominant majority of the crowns that are prepared fall into this category. The principle for single crowns, anchoring crowns and bridges is the same: the metal framework is fixed on the prepared tooth, which transfers the load on the tooth and simultaneously ensures the solidity and stability of the tooth replacement.

Since a shining metal crown would hardly satisfy today’s high aesthetic standards, the metal is veneered, in other words it is coated with a tooth-coloured material.

Ceramic veneered crown:
Ceramic veneering of the metal surfaces is a complicated, time- and labour-intensive procedure. The ceramic mask is applied in several stages and layers (and colours) on the metal framework and then burnt. The strictest adherence to the rules of manufacturing combined with the artistic skills of the dental technician are required, but the result will meet almost all expectations for an ideal veneering material.

Metal ceramic crowns are cosmetically adequate, have a high life expectancy (6-15 years) and good biological characteristics. Plaque deposits and discolouration are almost never found on them. Porcelain can withstand compression stress quite well, but not a high degree of tensile stress. This means that the veneer can come off if there is an adverse action or force, and the possibilities for repair are limited.

Gold ceramic crown:
The life expectancy of a crown is affected to some extent by the metal alloy used, among other things. The non-precious metal alloys mostly contain cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr) und molybdenum (Mo) and make possible an average life span of 6-8 years. Precious metal alloys are mainly made of gold (Au), platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) and the life expectancy is around double (around 15 years).

Galvano-ceramic crown:
A relatively new type of crowns is the galvano crown. In terms of aesthetics, galvano crowns almost achieve the quality of full ceramic crowns, and also have a stabilising basic framework of pure gold. In comparison to normal metal castings, which almost always contain gas inclusions (pores and shrink holes), and thereby make the alloy prone to faults and reduce the value of the alloy from the biological point of view, frameworks prepared with galvanotechnology are characterised by excellent homogeneity of the precious metal. This gives the crown a high fitting accuracy and thereby a longer life.

Full ceramic crown:
The metal free full ceramic crowns not only offer excellent cosmetic results, but also optimum biological tolerance.
They consist entirely of a special ceramic mask are individually adapted to the teeth in the course of an expensive manufacturing process, and finally burnt under high pressure.

Ceramic is very similar to the material of the tooth core in terms of optical refraction, brilliance and strength. Coloured cements are used during the final adhesion process, and even a qualified professional will not be able to spot the crown during a cursory examination. The cosmetic naturalness and high bio-resistance are unique. These crowns are often called “the crown of crowns”.
These crowns were earlier only used for the front teeth. The improved mechanical characteristics of new materials make it possible to use crowns in the molar area as well in the form of short bridges.

Telescopic crown:
Telescopic crowns can only be used as anchoring elements in a telescopic denture or bridge.

Temporary crown:
Temporary crowns protect prepared teeth against mechanical, chemical and thermal influences.
They are either made by the dentist or by the dental technician from synthetic materials. In view of their functional and aesthetic properties, they can be worn until the final tooth replacement is fitted.