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Dental surgery is concerned with surgical connections to teeth or to the jaw bone.
This extends from the simple removal of teeth (extraction), to complicated removal operations, for example osteotomy.

Extractions:
There are many reasons and medical situations that make tooth extraction necessary. The most important and most frequently occurring reasons for these may be summarised below.

Milk teeth
The natural loss of a milk teeth occurs when a permanent tooth breaks through. The second tooth loosens the smaller milk tooth little by little from below, so that in the optimum case, the root will completely disappear. The destruction of the root enables the painless exit of the first tooth, as it is no longer anchored deeply in the jaw bone. The milk tooth is only held in place by the gums. If the tooth does not come out in this manner, as planned by nature, the dentist helps the process. This intervention may be for promoting the faster emergence of the second tooth, or in case the second tooth is emerging at an angle, or if the milk teeth have decay or is inflammated.

Essentially, the milk tooth should remain in place until the permanent tooth emerges. An accident or major damage (decay) may make premature extraction necessary. In exceptional cases milk teeth are extracted on the advice of an orthodontist in order to provide the emerging tooth a better foundation.

Permanent teeth
Permanent teeth cannot be removed so easily. The bone has become stronger in the course of time. The teeth roots are longer, and the rear molars are fixed over a larger area of the bone due to the complexity of roots.

There are several reasons why an extraction may be necessary:

• Decay is in an advanced stage

• Periodontitis

• Inflammation of the tooth nerve

• A jawbone cyst has grown out of the root

• The tooth is fractured

• The teeth have to be sanitised prior to radiation therapy in case of cancer